Introduction

Here, I show the analysis of rainfall patterns for the livestock project. Firstly, I picked up 13 focal sites which had average annul precipitation = 800 mm ± 20% over the past 100 years from SA, VIC and NSW as below.

Location of analysed sites.

Location of analysed sites.

Site.name Lat Lon STA labels
ARMIDALE -30.5167 151.6681 NSW 1
BRINGELLY -33.9696 150.7250 NSW 3
CAMDEN -34.0254 150.6455 NSW 4
GOULBURN -34.6514 149.5024 NSW 7
PICTON -34.1685 150.6145 NSW 10
VICTOR -35.5416 138.5038 SA 13
BIRREGURRA -38.3372 143.7844 VIC 2
COBDEN -38.3291 143.0779 VIC 5
COLAC -38.3427 143.5848 VIC 6
KOLORA -38.0831 142.9919 VIC 8
MOE -38.2004 146.2604 VIC 9
TANGAMBALANGA -36.2509 147.0263 VIC 11
TERANG -38.2362 142.9166 VIC 12

Annual and seasonal summary table (mm yr-1): annual, spring, summer, autumn, winter, May and June: Year(precipitaiton, %reduction compared to a long-term average value)

100 years

Site.name avg. std. cov. driest_yr1 driest_yr2 driest_yr3 driest_yr4 driest_yr5
annual
ARMIDALE 771 172 0.22 1982(460mm,-40%) 1997(468mm,-39%) 1965(479mm,-38%) 1923(498mm,-35%) 1918(504mm,-35%)
BIRREGURRA 656 118 0.18 1967(335mm,-49%) 2006(390mm,-40%) 1982(416mm,-37%) 1940(462mm,-30%) 1976(472mm,-28%)
BRINGELLY 726 274 0.38 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%) 2009(0mm,-100%) 1944(326mm,-55%)
CAMDEN 755 237 0.31 1944(336mm,-56%) 1940(410mm,-46%) 1965(416mm,-45%) 1941(423mm,-44%) 1968(426mm,-44%)
COBDEN 846 136 0.16 2006(497mm,-41%) 1967(509mm,-40%) 2015(590mm,-30%) 1982(604mm,-29%) 1925(616mm,-27%)
COLAC 696 172 0.25 1969(44mm,-94%) 1983(316mm,-55%) 1996(359mm,-48%) 2006(412mm,-41%) 1987(427mm,-39%)
GOULBURN 662 227 0.34 1918(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 1920(96mm,-86%) 1944(240mm,-64%) 1919(270mm,-59%)
KOLORA 641 138 0.22 1967(386mm,-40%) 1938(391mm,-39%) 2015(405mm,-37%) 1925(410mm,-36%) 1920(440mm,-31%)
MOE 945 182 0.19 1996(382mm,-60%) 1972(572mm,-40%) 1967(582mm,-38%) 2006(616mm,-35%) 1981(637mm,-33%)
PICTON 735 329 0.45 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%) 1992(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 697 278 0.4 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%) 1973(0mm,-100%) 2000(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 781 150 0.19 1992(158mm,-80%) 2006(460mm,-41%) 1982(508mm,-35%) 1967(530mm,-32%) 2014(584mm,-25%)
VICTOR 702 134 0.19 1967(405mm,-42%) 1959(415mm,-41%) 2006(448mm,-36%) 1982(452mm,-36%) 1957(483mm,-31%)
spring
ARMIDALE 238 77 0.32 1951(101mm,-57%) 1918(111mm,-53%) 1926(114mm,-52%) 1935(124mm,-48%) 1944(125mm,-47%)
BIRREGURRA 161 56 0.34 1943(51mm,-69%) 2006(57mm,-65%) 1919(58mm,-64%) 1963(65mm,-60%) 1972(65mm,-60%)
BRINGELLY 185 103 0.56 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%) 2009(0mm,-100%) 1951(28mm,-85%)
CAMDEN 196 96 0.49 1951(26mm,-87%) 1944(32mm,-84%) 1918(44mm,-78%) 1928(46mm,-77%) 1982(56mm,-71%)
COBDEN 201 62 0.31 2015(74mm,-63%) 2006(75mm,-63%) 1963(88mm,-56%) 1938(96mm,-52%) 2014(99mm,-51%)
COLAC 169 66 0.39 1968(0mm,-100%) 1995(0mm,-100%) 1969(44mm,-74%) 1963(54mm,-68%) 2006(62mm,-64%)
GOULBURN 174 87 0.5 1918(0mm,-100%) 1919(0mm,-100%) 1920(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 1977(3mm,-98%)
KOLORA 160 59 0.37 1931(45mm,-72%) 1938(56mm,-65%) 1925(58mm,-64%) 2014(58mm,-64%) 1963(59mm,-63%)
MOE 246 79 0.32 1996(32mm,-87%) 2015(78mm,-68%) 2006(85mm,-66%) 1977(105mm,-57%) 1943(107mm,-56%)
PICTON 194 120 0.62 1987(0mm,-100%) 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1990(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 165 97 0.59 1934(0mm,-100%) 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%) 1973(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 185 60 0.32 1989(45mm,-76%) 1963(60mm,-67%) 2006(75mm,-59%) 2015(84mm,-55%) 1919(93mm,-50%)
VICTOR 122 46 0.37 2006(30mm,-76%) 2015(32mm,-74%) 1967(45mm,-63%) 1982(51mm,-58%) 1938(55mm,-55%)
summer
ARMIDALE 257 86 0.33 1965(78mm,-70%) 1986(88mm,-66%) 1981(103mm,-60%) 1923(115mm,-55%) 1943(138mm,-46%)
BIRREGURRA 104 50 0.48 2013(20mm,-81%) 1953(34mm,-67%) 1961(35mm,-66%) 1923(36mm,-65%) 1986(39mm,-62%)
BRINGELLY 244 134 0.55 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%) 2009(0mm,-100%) 1965(25mm,-90%)
CAMDEN 260 136 0.52 1940(20mm,-92%) 1965(25mm,-90%) 1923(74mm,-72%) 1944(80mm,-69%) 1979(106mm,-59%)
COBDEN 130 61 0.47 1936(33mm,-75%) 1953(44mm,-66%) 1926(52mm,-60%) 1961(56mm,-57%) 2009(58mm,-55%)
COLAC 110 60 0.55 1969(0mm,-100%) 1996(0mm,-100%) 2013(25mm,-77%) 1953(31mm,-72%) 1926(34mm,-69%)
GOULBURN 159 96 0.6 1918(0mm,-100%) 1921(0mm,-100%) 1959(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 1965(4mm,-98%)
KOLORA 106 61 0.58 2013(19mm,-82%) 1926(25mm,-77%) 1953(30mm,-72%) 1965(31mm,-71%) 1936(32mm,-70%)
MOE 173 79 0.46 1981(0mm,-100%) 2009(12mm,-93%) 1968(47mm,-73%) 1965(72mm,-58%) 1972(82mm,-52%)
PICTON 247 164 0.67 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1990(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%) 1992(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 126 94 0.75 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1944(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%) 1973(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 124 77 0.62 1990(0mm,-100%) 1993(0mm,-100%) 1936(36mm,-71%) 2013(43mm,-66%) 1953(44mm,-65%)
VICTOR 79 51 0.64 1980(12mm,-85%) 1923(13mm,-84%) 1965(17mm,-79%) 1986(18mm,-78%) 1957(18mm,-77%)
autumn
ARMIDALE 135 68 0.51 1982(39mm,-71%) 1917(42mm,-69%) 1994(48mm,-65%) 1935(49mm,-64%) 1971(49mm,-64%)
BIRREGURRA 173 51 0.29 1967(58mm,-66%) 1959(75mm,-57%) 1984(82mm,-53%) 1937(95mm,-45%) 1993(99mm,-43%)
BRINGELLY 184 123 0.67 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%) 2009(0mm,-100%) 1971(7mm,-96%)
CAMDEN 185 118 0.64 1954(28mm,-85%) 1982(30mm,-84%) 1993(35mm,-81%) 1971(41mm,-78%) 1957(48mm,-74%)
COBDEN 229 67 0.29 1967(58mm,-75%) 1984(98mm,-57%) 1959(128mm,-44%) 1950(137mm,-40%) 2013(142mm,-38%)
COLAC 188 67 0.36 1969(0mm,-100%) 1996(0mm,-100%) 1967(67mm,-64%) 1983(73mm,-61%) 1999(90mm,-52%)
GOULBURN 158 87 0.55 1918(0mm,-100%) 1920(0mm,-100%) 1959(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 2004(39mm,-76%)
KOLORA 170 55 0.32 1967(51mm,-70%) 2015(54mm,-68%) 2013(77mm,-55%) 1930(82mm,-52%) 1959(90mm,-47%)
MOE 250 79 0.32 1996(0mm,-100%) 2005(98mm,-61%) 1959(125mm,-50%) 1967(126mm,-50%) 1972(137mm,-45%)
PICTON 177 131 0.74 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%) 1992(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 182 99 0.54 1931(0mm,-100%) 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%) 1973(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 213 62 0.29 1992(0mm,-100%) 1967(72mm,-66%) 1984(92mm,-57%) 1959(114mm,-47%) 2008(123mm,-42%)
VICTOR 229 66 0.29 1959(57mm,-75%) 1967(61mm,-74%) 1930(117mm,-49%) 1993(118mm,-49%) 1941(123mm,-46%)
winter
ARMIDALE 147 68 0.46 1927(23mm,-85%) 1941(32mm,-79%) 1980(40mm,-73%) 1919(42mm,-72%) 1940(44mm,-70%)
BIRREGURRA 218 58 0.27 1944(100mm,-54%) 2006(104mm,-52%) 1982(105mm,-52%) 1949(108mm,-51%) 1938(119mm,-45%)
BRINGELLY 114 75 0.66 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%) 2009(0mm,-100%) 1980(20mm,-82%)
CAMDEN 115 69 0.6 1946(17mm,-85%) 1994(21mm,-82%) 1980(21mm,-81%) 1968(28mm,-76%) 2002(28mm,-76%)
COBDEN 286 70 0.24 1982(138mm,-52%) 2006(147mm,-49%) 1949(158mm,-45%) 1938(168mm,-41%) 1987(170mm,-40%)
COLAC 229 82 0.36 1969(0mm,-100%) 1983(0mm,-100%) 1987(0mm,-100%) 1995(0mm,-100%) 1968(72mm,-69%)
GOULBURN 172 74 0.43 1917(0mm,-100%) 1918(0mm,-100%) 1920(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 1994(31mm,-82%)
KOLORA 205 58 0.28 1938(86mm,-58%) 1940(97mm,-53%) 1928(98mm,-52%) 1944(99mm,-52%) 1949(106mm,-48%)
MOE 277 69 0.25 2006(143mm,-48%) 1944(144mm,-48%) 1996(149mm,-46%) 2011(153mm,-45%) 1971(162mm,-41%)
PICTON 117 85 0.73 1987(0mm,-100%) 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1990(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 225 106 0.47 1934(0mm,-100%) 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%) 1973(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 259 68 0.26 1992(0mm,-100%) 1982(130mm,-50%) 1949(137mm,-47%) 2006(137mm,-47%) 1938(137mm,-47%)
VICTOR 271 71 0.26 1982(104mm,-61%) 2006(136mm,-50%) 1949(140mm,-48%) 1944(144mm,-47%) 1994(145mm,-47%)
May
ARMIDALE 43 37 0.86 1957(1mm,-98%) 1923(3mm,-92%) 1927(4mm,-90%) 1918(7mm,-84%) 1994(7mm,-83%)
BIRREGURRA 61 31 0.51 1934(6mm,-90%) 1996(8mm,-87%) 1932(13mm,-78%) 1959(18mm,-71%) 1990(18mm,-70%)
BRINGELLY 55 62 1.13 1918(0mm,-100%) 1971(0mm,-100%) 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%)
CAMDEN 55 60 1.09 1957(1mm,-99%) 2008(1mm,-98%) 1954(2mm,-97%) 1982(2mm,-97%) 2005(2mm,-96%)
COBDEN 82 40 0.49 1932(15mm,-82%) 1996(17mm,-79%) 1934(18mm,-78%) 1967(22mm,-73%) 1991(25mm,-70%)
COLAC 65 36 0.55 1969(0mm,-100%) 1983(0mm,-100%) 1985(0mm,-100%) 1996(0mm,-100%) 1934(10mm,-85%)
GOULBURN 51 45 0.88 1918(0mm,-100%) 1920(0mm,-100%) 1959(0mm,-100%) 2011(0mm,-100%) 1964(4mm,-93%)
KOLORA 60 32 0.54 2013(0mm,-100%) 2015(0mm,-100%) 1934(5mm,-91%) 1996(7mm,-88%) 1932(12mm,-80%)
MOE 88 48 0.54 1996(0mm,-100%) 1934(6mm,-93%) 1932(17mm,-81%) 2001(24mm,-73%) 1947(28mm,-68%)
PICTON 52 64 1.25 1987(0mm,-100%) 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1990(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 64 51 0.8 1926(0mm,-100%) 1931(0mm,-100%) 1934(0mm,-100%) 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 74 35 0.47 1992(0mm,-100%) 1996(10mm,-86%) 1934(12mm,-84%) 1932(16mm,-78%) 1959(24mm,-67%)
VICTOR 80 37 0.47 2005(14mm,-82%) 1934(14mm,-82%) 1930(16mm,-80%) 1959(16mm,-80%) 1954(17mm,-79%)
Jun
ARMIDALE 49 42 0.86 1986(2mm,-96%) 1953(4mm,-91%) 1947(6mm,-87%) 1968(7mm,-86%) 1934(9mm,-82%)
BIRREGURRA 63 28 0.45 1937(18mm,-71%) 1967(19mm,-69%) 2006(20mm,-68%) 1969(21mm,-67%) 1997(22mm,-65%)
BRINGELLY 64 75 1.18 1953(0mm,-100%) 1962(0mm,-100%) 1993(0mm,-100%) 1994(0mm,-100%) 1999(0mm,-100%)
CAMDEN 64 75 1.18 1953(0mm,-100%) 1954(0mm,-100%) 1971(1mm,-98%) 2001(2mm,-97%) 1932(2mm,-96%)
COBDEN 82 36 0.45 1937(15mm,-81%) 1967(17mm,-79%) 1969(19mm,-77%) 2006(27mm,-67%) 1997(28mm,-66%)
COLAC 68 34 0.49 1969(0mm,-100%) 1983(0mm,-100%) 1985(0mm,-100%) 1987(0mm,-100%) 1996(0mm,-100%)
GOULBURN 58 45 0.78 1917(0mm,-100%) 1918(0mm,-100%) 1920(0mm,-100%) 1955(0mm,-100%) 1959(0mm,-100%)
KOLORA 59 26 0.45 1917(0mm,-100%) 1969(10mm,-83%) 1937(13mm,-78%) 1930(19mm,-68%) 1967(21mm,-64%)
MOE 89 43 0.48 1996(0mm,-100%) 2006(17mm,-81%) 1972(18mm,-80%) 1974(22mm,-75%) 2015(32mm,-64%)
PICTON 62 80 1.28 1987(0mm,-100%) 1988(0mm,-100%) 1989(0mm,-100%) 1990(0mm,-100%) 1991(0mm,-100%)
TANGAMBALANGA 75 50 0.67 1931(0mm,-100%) 1934(0mm,-100%) 1935(0mm,-100%) 1936(0mm,-100%) 1972(0mm,-100%)
TERANG 76 32 0.42 1992(0mm,-100%) 1969(22mm,-71%) 1937(25mm,-68%) 2006(25mm,-67%) 1967(28mm,-63%)
VICTOR 97 44 0.45 1944(24mm,-75%) 1967(26mm,-73%) 1959(31mm,-68%) 2015(37mm,-62%) 1934(39mm,-60%)

Seasonal extreme events

Then, I assessed extreme dry events in each site for winter, spring, winter & spring (W_S), May and June. The extreme events were identified as years with the driest seasonal precipitation over the past 100, 30 and 10 years.

Seasonal rain distribution. The driest year during each season is shown with red.

Seasonal rain distribution. The driest year during each season is shown with red.

Autumn break

Autumn break was defined as the first rain date between May and June that had the total of ≥30mm rainfall within the following 4 days (i.e. sum of 5 days) followed by ≥20mm rainfall within the subsequent 30 days. Percent quantiles of the autumn break date are shown in the table below for each site over the past 100, 30 and 10 years. The first day in May (1st May) is Day 1.

Summary table

yr100
Site.name 1% 5% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 99%
ARMIDALE 1 2 3 11 22 43 47 51 58
BIRREGURRA 1 2 3 10 22 44 52 59 61
BRINGELLY 1 2 2 6 21 36 52 55 58
CAMDEN 1 2 2 9 21 39 52 56 60
COBDEN 1 2 2 7 18 31 40 52 59
COLAC 1 2 2 9 20 42 50 57 60
GOULBURN 1 3 6 10 22 40 52 55 60
KOLORA 1 2 3 10 22 39 54 59 61
MOE 1 2 3 8 15 26 41 51 55
PICTON 1 1 2 5 20 35 50 54 59
TANGAMBALANGA 1 2 3 10 18 34 48 51 56
TERANG 1 2 3 8 21 34 52 58 62
VICTOR 1 2 3 9 16 30 41 56 60
yr30
Site.name 1% 5% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 99%
ARMIDALE 2 4 7 14 28 42 48 51 53
BIRREGURRA 1 1 2 10 26 43 51 54 59
BRINGELLY 2 2 2 12 25 36 42 49 55
CAMDEN 2 2 2 15 28 38 54 58 60
COBDEN 2 3 5 9 23 36 41 44 53
KOLORA 2 3 6 10 31 44 54 57 59
MOE 2 2 4 13 22 30 47 54 57
TANGAMBALANGA 1 1 4 12 21 38 45 47 51
TERANG 3 6 6 14 25 40 45 52 55
TRAFALGAR 1 2 3 12 30 42 52 54 57
VICTOR 2 4 9 14 24 37 42 55 57
yr10
Site.name 1% 5% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 99%
BARNAWARTHA 9 11 12 18 24 27 37 45 51
BRINGELLY 23 24 24 30 34 36 41 44 46
CAMDEN 19 20 21 24 30 36 42 44 46
COBDEN 3 5 6 9 17 23 26 27 28
GOULBURN 19 21 23 30 34 41 50 53 55
MOE 8 8 8 12 26 52 56 57 58
PICTON 19 19 19 22 28 34 34 35 35
TANGAMBALANGA 10 11 12 15 26 29 41 44 46
TERANG 6 8 9 11 18 25 34 44 52
VICTOR 16 17 18 22 26 30 55 57 58

Summary figure

Autumn break dates are plotted against years as below.

Temporal change in the autumn break date with a regression line. The 1-5th driest years are shown with colors and otherwise with grey.

Distribution of autumn break dates. The above results are summarised in a box-whisker plot as below.

Characterisation of rainfall patters in extreme years

I characterized the rainfall pattern during extremely dry years using indices below.

Below, I summarize multi-site data and demonstrate the magnitude of extreme events given as \((x_e-x_a)/x_a\), where \(x_e\) and \(x_a\) are average values in extreme years and across all years, respectively.

Summary table

variable winter spring w_s May Jun no_site
yr100
Avg. max wet day rain -0.73 -0.68 -0.64 -0.95 -0.95 13
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days 2.9 2.33 3.64 1.46 1.74 13
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days -0.61 -0.62 -0.53 -0.75 -0.76 13
Avg. no. class0 rain days 0.31 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.34 13
Avg. no. class1 rain days -0.58 -0.59 -0.59 -0.77 -0.67 13
Avg. no. class2 rain days -0.73 -0.84 -0.75 -1 -0.98 13
Avg. no. class3 rain days -1 -0.84 -0.83 -1 -1 13
Avg. no. dry days 0.4 0.3 0.31 0.44 0.5 13
Avg. no. wet days -0.63 -0.69 -0.6 -0.81 -0.79 13
Avg. seasonal rain -0.77 -0.83 -0.75 -0.96 -0.93 13
Avg. wet day rain -0.41 -0.36 -0.26 -0.8 -0.73 7
yr30
Avg. max wet day rain -0.69 -0.61 -0.57 -0.94 -0.79 11
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days 2.46 2.01 3.43 1.44 1.58 11
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days -0.51 -0.58 -0.43 -0.53 -0.56 11
Avg. no. class0 rain days 0.28 0.2 0.24 0.31 0.34 11
Avg. no. class1 rain days -0.48 -0.48 -0.54 -0.67 -0.49 11
Avg. no. class2 rain days -0.61 -0.71 -0.64 -1 -0.86 11
Avg. no. class3 rain days -1 -0.86 -0.83 -1 -1 11
Avg. no. dry days 0.37 0.27 0.32 0.36 0.44 11
Avg. no. wet days -0.52 -0.6 -0.56 -0.62 -0.59 11
Avg. seasonal rain -0.69 -0.76 -0.68 -0.93 -0.84 11
Avg. wet day rain -0.36 -0.31 -0.18 -0.82 -0.64 7
yr10
Avg. max wet day rain -0.47 -0.5 -0.48 -0.7 -0.77 10
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days 1.18 1.16 1.69 0.35 0.48 10
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days -0.27 -0.42 -0.31 -0.41 -0.34 10
Avg. no. class0 rain days 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.17 0.18 10
Avg. no. class1 rain days -0.33 -0.26 -0.24 -0.46 -0.24 10
Avg. no. class2 rain days -0.31 -0.57 -0.35 -0.57 -0.46 10
Avg. no. class3 rain days -0.71 -0.72 -0.68 -0.67 -1 10
Avg. no. dry days 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.24 10
Avg. no. wet days -0.29 -0.37 -0.27 -0.38 -0.38 10
Avg. seasonal rain -0.46 -0.62 -0.47 -0.68 -0.73 10
Avg. wet day rain -0.26 -0.32 -0.26 -0.54 -0.54 8

Summary figure

Wet day rain

Max daily rain

No. of dry days

No. of wet days

Max no. of contiguous duration of dry days

Max no. of contiguous duration of wet days

No. of days of each rain class

Summay of focal sites

The indices above are summarised in a table for each site as below.

[1] “ARMIDALE” [1] “BIRREGURRA” [1] “BRINGELLY” [1] “CAMDEN” [1] “COBDEN” [1] “COLAC” [1] “GOULBURN” [1] “KOLORA” [1] “MOE” [1] “PICTON” [1] “TANGAMBALANGA” [1] “TERANG” [1] “VICTOR”

ARMIDALE
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 87 72 78 67 156 140 30 25 29 23
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 4 11 9 10 17 21 1 4 1 4
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 1 7 3 11 8 19 0 2 0 2
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 2 3 3 4 0 1 0 0
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 82 65.31 72 61.58 150 126.89 30 21.7 25 19.48
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 27 15 16 12 26 17 22 10 12 9
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 10 26.69 20 30.43 34 57.11 1 9.3 5 10.37
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 3 5 3 6 3 6 1 4 2 4
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 10.9 29.53 33.3 39.66 41.1 44.01 1 17.18 1 17.47
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 2.27 5.44 5.06 7.74 6.06 6.7 1 4.47 0.44 4.39
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 2.09 - 1.65 - 1.41 - 2.88 - 2.41
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 22.7 146.84 101.3 237.53 206.1 384.37 1 43.41 2.2 48.88
No. yr yr 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 81 1 81
Year yr 1927 1917-1996 1951 1917-1996 1941 1917-1996 1957 1917-1997 1986 1917-1997
BIRREGURRA
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 72 56 82 69 154 125 29 21 23 20
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 14 20 6 12 17 33 2 6 7 6
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 6 14 4 9 13 23 0 4 0 4
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 72 50.97 82 65.56 147 116.53 26 19.28 22 18.02
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 22 8 15 14 22 15 13 8 8 6
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 20 41.03 10 26.44 37 67.47 5 11.72 8 11.98
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 4 5 2 4 3 6 2 4 3 4
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 18 23.88 15.7 29.05 14.6 31.91 3 17.75 3.8 16.99
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 5.01 5.35 5.06 6.15 4.34 5.67 1.18 5.12 2.29 5.35
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 1.15 - 1.76 - 1.16 - 2.06 - 2.06
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 100.2 218.4 50.6 161.23 160.6 379.63 5.9 60.95 18.3 63.17
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100
Year yr 1944 1917-2016 1943 1917-2016 2006 1917-2016 1934 1917-2016 1937 1917-2016
BRINGELLY
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 78 92 73 184 152 31 26 30 25
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 8 0 8 0 16 0 3 0 2
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 5 0 8 0 13 0 2 0 2
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 75.17 92 70.31 184 145.48 31 24.79 30 23.46
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 26 92 20 184 32 31 15 30 13
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 16.83 0 21.69 0 38.52 0 6.21 0 6.54
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 3 0 3
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 33.18 0 38.47 0 48.71 0 24.7 0 26.54
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 6.72 NaN 8.3 NaN 7.69 NaN 7.61 NaN 8.8
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 3.7 NaN 3.17 NaN 2.37 NaN 5.87 NaN 7.97
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 114.26 0 184.72 0 298.97 0 54.63 0 63.87
No. yr yr 4 100 4 100 4 100 6 100 6 100
Year yr 1993, 1994, 1999, 2009 1917-2016 1993, 1994, 1999, 2009 1917-2016 1993, 1994, 1999, 2009 1917-2016 1918, 1971, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2009 1917-2016 1953, 1962, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2009 1917-2016
CAMDEN
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 87 78 86 73 167 151 31 26 30 25
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 4 8 4 9 12 16 0 3 0 3
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 1 5 2 8 5 13 0 2 0 2
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 87 74.53 84 68.73 152 143.26 30 24.72 30 23.39
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 65 22 43 18 30 25 22 14 30 13
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 5 17.47 8 23.27 32 40.74 1 6.28 0 6.61
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 1 4 2 5 4 6 1 3 0 3
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 10.2 33.06 7.6 42.75 19.4 53.22 0.8 24.69 0 26.74
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 3.36 6.51 3.21 8.37 2.95 7.69 0.8 7.72 NaN 8.51
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 3.17 - 3.12 - 2.35 - 6.23 NaN 7.74
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 16.8 114.67 25.7 196 94.4 310.67 0.8 54.91 0 63.71
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 2 100
Year yr 1946 1917-2016 1951 1917-2016 2002 1917-2016 1957 1917-2016 1953, 1954 1917-2016
COBDEN
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 68 51 77 64 143 115 25 19 24 18
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 15 21 11 15 27 36 6 7 6 6
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 9 18 3 11 13 29 0 4 0 5
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 2 1 2 1 4 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 56 42.58 70 57.04 118 99.62 24 16.03 22 15.25
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 7 6 11 10 11 10 8 6 9 5
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 36 49.42 22 34.96 66 84.38 7 14.97 8 14.75
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 5 6 3 5 5 6 3 5 5 5
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 16.2 28.38 23.6 31.9 20.6 35.75 3.6 21.38 4.8 20.47
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 3.83 5.78 3.35 5.73 3.36 5.76 2.09 5.44 1.91 5.43
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 1.12 - 1.39 - 0.98 - 2.25 - 1.95
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 137.8 286.11 73.8 200.97 221.8 487.08 14.6 82.23 15.3 81.54
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100
Year yr 1982 1917-2016 2015 1917-2016 2006 1917-2016 1932 1917-2016 1937 1917-2016
COLAC
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 54 92 67 184 121 31 20 30 19
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 22 0 14 0 36 0 6 0 7
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 15 0 9 0 24 0 4 0 4
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 41.6 92 57.93 184 99.53 31 15.58 30 14.3
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 11 92 14 184 19 31 7 30 6
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 50.4 0 34.07 0 84.47 0 15.42 0 15.7
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 8 0 6 0 9 0 6 0 6
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 23.07 0 27.43 0 30.16 0 17.22 0 16.4
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 4.6 NaN 5.03 NaN 4.74 NaN 4.19 NaN 4.33
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 1.29 NaN 1.38 NaN 1.01 NaN 1.69 NaN 1.49
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 228.86 0 168.8 0 397.66 0 65.22 0 67.95
No. yr yr 4 100 2 100 1 100 4 100 5 100
Year yr 1969, 1983, 1987, 1995 1917-2016 1968, 1995 1917-2016 1995 1917-2016 1969, 1983, 1985, 1996 1917-2016 1969, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1996 1917-2016
GOULBURN
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 71 92 74 184 145 31 25 30 23
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 10 0 7 0 17 0 3 0 4
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 10 0 8 0 19 0 3 0 3
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 67.34 92 72.42 184 139.76 31 23.63 30 21.53
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 18 92 21 184 28 31 13 30 11
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 24.66 0 19.58 0 44.24 0 7.37 0 8.47
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 4
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 28.19 0 36.13 0 41.12 0 19.24 0 22.23
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 7.15 NaN 8.84 NaN 7.92 NaN 6.51 NaN 7.16
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 2.39 NaN 2.77 NaN 2.2 NaN 3.34 NaN 4.23
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 172.08 0 173.88 0 345.95 0 51.29 0 57.9
No. yr yr 4 100 4 100 3 100 4 100 6 100
Year yr 1917, 1918, 1920, 2011 1917-2016 1918, 1919, 1920, 2011 1917-2016 1918, 1920, 2011 1917-2016 1918, 1920, 1959, 2011 1917-2016 1917, 1918, 1920, 1955, 1959, 2011 1917-2016
KOLORA
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 67 54 79 67 145 121 31 21 30 19
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 21 23 10 15 33 38 0 6 0 7
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 4 14 3 9 6 24 0 4 0 4
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 58 45.14 67 58.69 128 103.83 31 17.08 30 15.56
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 13 8 28 12 13 13 31 7 30 6
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 34 46.86 25 33.31 56 80.17 0 13.92 0 14.44
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 6 8 7 6 6 9 0 5 0 6
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 10.4 20.31 9.9 26.06 12.7 28.19 0 16.59 0 14.93
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 2.52 4.41 1.8 4.8 2.53 4.57 NaN 4.37 NaN 4.03
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 1.08 - 1.32 - 0.99 NaN 2.68 NaN 1.31
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 85.6 204.89 44.9 159.8 141.7 364.69 0 59.85 0 58.71
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 2 100 1 100
Year yr 1938 1917-2016 1931 1917-2016 1938 1917-2016 2013, 2015 1917-2016 1917 1917-2016
MOE
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 68 54 90 63 164 117 31 20 30 18
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 11 20 0 13 8 33 0 6 0 6
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 13 16 1 13 10 29 0 5 0 5
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 2 1 3 2 5 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 66 44.62 89 57.11 153 101.73 31 16.82 30 14.46
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 21 9 57 13 57 14 31 7 30 5
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 26 47.38 3 34.89 31 82.27 0 14.18 0 15.54
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 5 7 2 5 9 7 0 5 0 6
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 16 32.71 27.2 35.18 27.2 40.2 0 23.05 0 23.97
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 5.49 6.07 10.8 7.29 5.85 6.55 NaN 6.21 NaN 5.89
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 1.73 - 1.98 - 1.56 NaN 2.91 NaN 2.64
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 142.7 277.27 32.4 245.66 181.2 522.94 0 88.25 0 89.3
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100
Year yr 2006 1917-2016 1996 1917-2016 1996 1917-2016 1996 1917-2016 1996 1917-2016
PICTON
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 78 92 73 184 151 31 26 30 25
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 8 0 9 0 17 0 2 0 3
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 5 0 7 0 12 0 1 0 2
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 1 0 3 0 4 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 74.47 92 69.46 184 143.93 31 24.89 30 23.53
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 26 92 22 184 36 31 15 30 14
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 17.53 0 22.54 0 40.07 0 6.11 0 6.47
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 4 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 3
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 32.25 0 44.02 0 52.47 0 23.49 0 28.75
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 6.76 NaN 8.32 NaN 7.75 NaN 7.19 NaN 8.29
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 4.04 NaN 2.95 NaN 2.66 NaN 5.97 NaN 8.45
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 117.25 0 193.74 0 310.99 0 51.55 0 62.31
No. yr yr 9 100 9 100 9 100 9 100 10 100
Year yr 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996 1917-2016 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996 1917-2016 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996 1917-2016 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997 1917-2016 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000 1917-2016
TANGAMBALANGA
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 68 92 77 184 145 31 25 30 23
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 10 0 6 0 16 0 2 0 3
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 11 0 7 0 18 0 3 0 4
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 3 0 2 0 5 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 64.11 92 74.78 184 138.89 31 24 30 21.16
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 19 92 25 184 33 31 14 30 12
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 27.89 0 17.22 0 45.11 0 7 0 8.84
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 5 0 3 0 6 0 3 0 4
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 34.64 0 33.74 0 41.21 0 22.36 0 23.66
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 8.74 NaN 9.87 NaN 9.11 NaN 9.52 NaN 9.09
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 3.39 NaN 3.85 NaN 3.12 NaN 5.28 NaN 4.9
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 224.52 0 164.51 0 389.03 0 63.78 0 74.67
No. yr yr 7 100 6 100 6 100 11 100 8 100
Year yr 1934, 1935, 1936, 1972, 1973, 1974, 2000 1917-2016 1934, 1935, 1936, 1972, 1973, 2000 1917-2016 1934, 1935, 1936, 1972, 1973, 2000 1917-2016 1926, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1941, 1944, 1972, 1973, 1974, 2000 1917-2016 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1972, 1973, 1974, 2000 1917-2016
TERANG
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 92 52 82 65 176 117 31 20 30 19
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 0 21 7 15 3 36 0 6 0 6
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 0 17 3 11 3 28 0 5 0 5
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 2 0 2 2 3 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 92 45.8 81 59.59 174 105.39 31 17.38 30 16.19
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 92 8 31 12 155 13 31 7 30 6
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 0 46.2 11 32.41 10 78.61 0 13.62 0 13.81
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 0 6 3 5 4 6 0 5 0 4
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 0 25.29 16.6 29.4 33 32.87 0 19.62 0 19.05
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 5.65 4.11 5.85 11.12 5.77 NaN 5.54 NaN 5.51
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 NaN 1.14 - 1.69 - 1.21 NaN 2.17 NaN 1.84
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 0 258.87 45.2 185.49 111.2 444.36 0 74.43 0 75.54
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100
Year yr 1992 1917-2016 1989 1917-2016 1992 1917-2016 1992 1917-2016 1992 1917-2016
VICTOR
variable unit winter extreme winter overall spring extreme spring overall W S extreme W S overall May extreme May overall Jun extreme Jun overall
Avg. no. class0 rain days d yr-1 69 52 79 71 146 123 26 20 22 17
Avg. no. class1 rain days d yr-1 16 22 13 13 28 35 5 6 7 7
Avg. no. class2 rain days d yr-1 7 17 0 7 10 23 0 4 1 6
Avg. no. class3 rain days d yr-1 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1
Avg. no. dry days d yr-1 52 40.47 79 62.05 119 102.52 18 15.83 19 12.98
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of dry days d yr-1 11 8 29 14 15 14 7 7 8 6
Avg. no. wet days d yr-1 40 51.53 13 29.95 65 81.48 13 15.17 11 17.02
Avg. max. no. contiguous duration of wet days d yr-1 6 10 2 6 6 10 7 6 4 7
Avg. max wet day rain mm d-1 17.8 28.37 4.8 24.34 17.8 32.13 4 20.52 5.6 22.95
Avg. wet day rain mm d-1 2.61 5.27 2.28 4.09 2.4 4.84 1.09 5.14 2.2 5.6
St. dev. wet day rain mm d-1 - 1.11 - 1.25 - 0.96 - 1.83 - 1.91
Avg. seasonal rain mm yr-1 104.4 270.85 29.6 122.16 155.8 393 14.2 79.52 24.2 96.86
No. yr yr 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100
Year yr 1982 1917-2016 2006 1917-2016 1982 1917-2016 2005 1917-2016 1944 1917-2016